iBT閱讀A版 week 7 投影片

TOEFL IBT Reading week 7
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Early Cinema
1. mass consumption: peepshow one screen



 telescope
 microscope
 microscopic
 horoscope
 periscope
Early Cinema


2. Kinetoscope (x one screen)
3. exhibitors: max profits (one screen)
4. 1895-1896: mass consumption (x one screen)
5. substances of early cinema
6. projection: private  public

He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine – a projector – from him instead of several.


makeshift
temporary
substitute
expedient

de = down, completely
 deplete
 depict
 deprive
 dehydrate

 depend
 devote
 dedicate
pend, pens, pond
hang, weigh

 depend



 indispensable
 essential
 crucial
 vital
 requisite
 imperative

集合類動詞
assemble
gather
amass
collect
congregate
rally
accumulate

When this widespread use of projection technology began to hurt his kinetoscope business, Edison acquired a projector developed by Armat and introduced it as “Edison’s latest marvel, the vitascope.”
Early Cinema


2. Kinetoscope (x one screen)
3. exhibitors: max profits (one screen)
4. 1895-1896: mass consumption (x one screen)
5. substances of early cinema
6. projection: private  public
Desert formation
2. What is desertification
3. result
4. Drier climatic conditions
5. Mainly from 人
6. Overcultivating, overgrazing, firewood gathering, overirrigation
threaten
 endanger
 imperil
 jeopardize

necessitate
necessary
necessity
void

devoid
deprived
bereft
lacking in + N
pulverize
 crush
 granulate
 grind
 mill
 pound
 defeat
 annihilate
 demolish
 destroy
 flatten
 smash
 wreck
sist, sta, stit = stand
 substitute
 constitute
 constituency
 constituent
 static
 assist

 exist
 resist
 persist

sist, sta, stit = stand
 substitute
 constitute
 constituency
 constituent
 static
 assist

 consist
 consistency
 institute

The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.

This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing.
Desert formation
2. What is desertification
3. result
4. Drier climatic conditions
5. Mainly from 人
6. Overcultivating, overgrazing, firewood gathering, overirrigation
The origins of cetaceans
1. Cetacean, mammals, breath by lung.
2. Discovery: original cetaceans
3. Fossil: skull (P)
4. + discovery: skeleton (B)
5. + find: (A)


Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

 characteristic
 trait
 feature
 attribute
 peculiarity
 property


vestigial
vestige
investigate

locomotion
The origins of cetaceans
1. Cetacean, mammals, breath by lung.
2. Discovery: original cetaceans
3. Fossil: skull (P)
4. + discovery: skeleton (B)
5. + find: (A)