2007年11月29日 星期四

IBT 托福閱讀 B版 week 4

IBT 托福閱讀 B版 week 4
白樺老師授課
部落格:http://silverenglish.blogspot.com/
單字練習網站:http://www.geocities.com/silver_birch_tw/
老師email: silver_birch_tw@yahoo.com
Inference Q.
 strongly implied, but not explicitly stated
 logical implications
 answer X contradict the main idea
 must be inferable from the passage
 explicitly stated information leads to the inference


 Which of the following can be inferred about X?
 The author of the passage implied that X…..
 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?

Valuable studies have also been made into the glacier activity on the continent, providing scientists with the best available picture of the probable appearance of northern North America during the last ice age.

The introduction of child labor laws in the early twentieth century meant that children entered the work force at a much later age.

 millennium
 millenniums
 millennia

 equinox
 nocturnal
 diurnal
 crepuscular

Rhetoric Q.
 ask you why the author has presented a particular piece of information in a particular place or manner
 ask you how on paragraph relates to another
 why the author mentions a particular piece of information or quotes a certain person

 The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to…..
 Why does the author mention X?
 The author uses X as an example of…..
tips
 familiar with signal words
 focus on the logical links between sentences and paragraphs

 none other than
 no other than

Why does the author mention Mississippians in this paragraph?
 to give an example to greet the first European explorers.
 to identify the people whose culture dominated there.
 to refute the previous statement that ancient people greeted the first European explorers.
 to emphasize how greatly ancient people’s culture succeeded.
Why does the author mention baseball caps and trash can lids?
 to give an example of Ospreys’ intelligence to use discarded items to build their nests.
 to support Ospreys’ abilities to live in modern urban surroundings.
 to refute Osprey’s habit of using man-made objects.
 to emphasize how environmentally friendly Ospreys’ nests are.



…they expressed mixtures of human and animal characteristics, representing humanity’s affinity with the forces of nature.
Terrestrial and Jovian Planets
 Intro
 Inner/terrestrial planets
 outer/gas giants/Jovian planets
4.Jovian’s common features
5. compared: inner closer to the Sun
6. Dwarf planet, Pluto

 chart (n.)
 table
 diagram
 chart (v.)
 delineate
 plot
 draft
 sketch


 satellite 衛星
 planet 行星
 asteroid 小行星
(minor planet, planetoid)
 comet 彗星
 meteor 流星

 derive from
 originate from
 arise out of/ from
 stem from

They all have a central metallic core, which is mostly iron, with a surrounding silicate mantle.
The moon shares similar structures but lacks the iron core.

 methane
 mantle
 mental





 particle
 a bit
 a mite
 a scrap of
 a speck of
 a jot











 propagate
 reproduce
 breed
 multiply
 propagate
 spread
 circulate
 disseminate
 promote
 promulgate

Terrestrial and Jovian Planets
 Intro
 Inner/terrestrial planets
 outer/gas giants/Jovian planets
4.Jovian’s common features
5. compared: inner closer to the Sun
6. Dwarf planet, Pluto
Natural Gas
 advantages
 How to from natural gas: 3 theories
 belong to one of the 4 groups
 usage in the 1800s.
 store & transport  difficulty
 environmental friendly comparatively

 decompose
 rot
 decay
 putrefy

Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, thousands of miles of pipelines were built in the United States, creating an enormous pipeline network that, laid end-to-end, would stretch to the moon and back twice.

 hurdle
 obstacle
 hindrance
 impediment
 stumbling block

It took another 50 years before natural gas became widely available for consumer use.
Natural Gas
 advantages
 How to from natural gas: 3 theories
 belong to one of the 4 groups
 usage in the 1800s.
 store & transport  difficulty
 environmental friendly comparatively

2007年11月21日 星期三

iBT閱讀B版第三週投影片

IBT 托福閱讀 B版 week 3
白樺老師授課
部落格:http://silverenglish.blogspot.com/
單字練習網站:http://www.geocities.com/silver_birch_tw/
老師email: silver_birch_tw@yahoo.com

Factual information Q.
 facts
 details
 definitions
 other information


 According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?
 The author's description of X mentions which of the following?
 According to the paragraph, X occurred because….
 According to the paragraph, X did Y because….
 According to the paragraph, why did X do Y?

Tips for Facts Q.
 refer back
 X recall
 X mentioned in the passage
 answer the question

Precipitation, mostly in the form of snow, occurs more frequently
along the coastal rim where warmer air from the surrounding oceans
causes fierce cyclones that circle the continent from west to east.

 precipitation
 precipitate

Precipitation, mostly in the form of snow, occurs more frequently
along the coastal rim where warmer air from the surrounding oceans
causes fierce cyclones that circle the continent from west to east.

During winter, the freezing of water around the edges effectively
doubles the size of the continent and further isolates the interior,
which, although much drier than the rest of the continent, is
frequented by violent blizzards.

 hurtle
 plunge
 rush
 dash

 instigate
 provoke
 bring about
 incite
 initiate
 prompt
 set off
 trigger
 stimulate

anthropogenic

elusive
elusion


rise
rouse
arise
arouse

 rise  rose  risen
 arise  arose  arisen
 rouse  roused  roused
 arouse arousedaroused

This elusive character arises as a corollary of its subject matter,
which, due to its intrinsically basic and fundamental nature, makes
logic a precursor to virtually all academic pursuits.


Negative Factual Information Q.
 not true
 not included
 "not"
 "except"

 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?
 The author's description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT

Until modern times, the main problem with dream research has been that
the data (i.e. the dream itself) could only be investigated indirectly
(by questioning patients), or through subjective reflection, which by
its very nature, cannot hold up to rigorous scientific scrutiny.
Ancient Cultures
 Earliest known civilization in the ancient near east
 different people
 Ur
 Egypt
5. writing system, hieroglyphs
6. good in other cultural areas

 agglutinative language
 agglutinate

 outcast
 refugee
 exile
 pariah

The Sumerian language had become the prevalent speech throughout the country.

 prosperous
 successful
 thriving
 flourishing
 booming

Ancient Cultures
 Earliest known civilization in the ancient near east
 different people
 Ur
 Egypt
5. writing system, hieroglyphs
6. good in other cultural areas
ziggurat

 recapitulate
 recap
 sum up

It has since then transformed into a powerful city-state that
extended their control over the entire Sumer.

Pastoral lands began to desiccate into the Sahara, ………..
hieroglyph

The History of Cities
 intro
 Earliest: in Mesopotamia
 European Middle Ages, city purposes
 From the 16th century, capitals
 After industrial revolution
 City drawbacks

As human cultures evolve
so have cities evolved to serve their needs.
A city is an urban settlement, which means a settlement with an
increasing density of human presence.

In most cases, "city" is primarily used to designate an urban
settlement with a large population, but sometimes it may also indicate
a special legal, administrative, or historical status.


Older capitals and cities such as Bagdad, Beijing, Istanbul, and Kyoto
in other parts of the world continued to grow and evolved with time,
while new cities like London and Paris excelled in speed far beyond
imagination.

Often, cities had no lords, or any other local rulers.
The History of Cities
 intro
 Earliest: in Mesopotamia
 European Middle Ages, city purposes
 From the 16th century, capitals
 After industrial revolution
 City drawbacks