2007年11月29日 星期四
IBT 托福閱讀 B版 week 4
白樺老師授課
部落格:http://silverenglish.blogspot.com/
單字練習網站:http://www.geocities.com/silver_birch_tw/
老師email: silver_birch_tw@yahoo.com
Inference Q.
strongly implied, but not explicitly stated
logical implications
answer X contradict the main idea
must be inferable from the passage
explicitly stated information leads to the inference
Which of the following can be inferred about X?
The author of the passage implied that X…..
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?
Valuable studies have also been made into the glacier activity on the continent, providing scientists with the best available picture of the probable appearance of northern North America during the last ice age.
The introduction of child labor laws in the early twentieth century meant that children entered the work force at a much later age.
millennium
millenniums
millennia
equinox
nocturnal
diurnal
crepuscular
Rhetoric Q.
ask you why the author has presented a particular piece of information in a particular place or manner
ask you how on paragraph relates to another
why the author mentions a particular piece of information or quotes a certain person
The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to…..
Why does the author mention X?
The author uses X as an example of…..
tips
familiar with signal words
focus on the logical links between sentences and paragraphs
none other than
no other than
Why does the author mention Mississippians in this paragraph?
to give an example to greet the first European explorers.
to identify the people whose culture dominated there.
to refute the previous statement that ancient people greeted the first European explorers.
to emphasize how greatly ancient people’s culture succeeded.
Why does the author mention baseball caps and trash can lids?
to give an example of Ospreys’ intelligence to use discarded items to build their nests.
to support Ospreys’ abilities to live in modern urban surroundings.
to refute Osprey’s habit of using man-made objects.
to emphasize how environmentally friendly Ospreys’ nests are.
…they expressed mixtures of human and animal characteristics, representing humanity’s affinity with the forces of nature.
Terrestrial and Jovian Planets
Intro
Inner/terrestrial planets
outer/gas giants/Jovian planets
4.Jovian’s common features
5. compared: inner closer to the Sun
6. Dwarf planet, Pluto
chart (n.)
table
diagram
chart (v.)
delineate
plot
draft
sketch
satellite 衛星
planet 行星
asteroid 小行星
(minor planet, planetoid)
comet 彗星
meteor 流星
derive from
originate from
arise out of/ from
stem from
They all have a central metallic core, which is mostly iron, with a surrounding silicate mantle.
The moon shares similar structures but lacks the iron core.
methane
mantle
mental
particle
a bit
a mite
a scrap of
a speck of
a jot
propagate
reproduce
breed
multiply
propagate
spread
circulate
disseminate
promote
promulgate
Terrestrial and Jovian Planets
Intro
Inner/terrestrial planets
outer/gas giants/Jovian planets
4.Jovian’s common features
5. compared: inner closer to the Sun
6. Dwarf planet, Pluto
Natural Gas
advantages
How to from natural gas: 3 theories
belong to one of the 4 groups
usage in the 1800s.
store & transport difficulty
environmental friendly comparatively
decompose
rot
decay
putrefy
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, thousands of miles of pipelines were built in the United States, creating an enormous pipeline network that, laid end-to-end, would stretch to the moon and back twice.
hurdle
obstacle
hindrance
impediment
stumbling block
It took another 50 years before natural gas became widely available for consumer use.
Natural Gas
advantages
How to from natural gas: 3 theories
belong to one of the 4 groups
usage in the 1800s.
store & transport difficulty
environmental friendly comparatively
2007年11月21日 星期三
iBT閱讀B版第三週投影片
白樺老師授課
部落格:http://silverenglish.blogspot.com/
單字練習網站:http://www.geocities.com/silver_birch_tw/
老師email: silver_birch_tw@yahoo.com
Factual information Q.
facts
details
definitions
other information
According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?
The author's description of X mentions which of the following?
According to the paragraph, X occurred because….
According to the paragraph, X did Y because….
According to the paragraph, why did X do Y?
Tips for Facts Q.
refer back
X recall
X mentioned in the passage
answer the question
Precipitation, mostly in the form of snow, occurs more frequently
along the coastal rim where warmer air from the surrounding oceans
causes fierce cyclones that circle the continent from west to east.
precipitation
precipitate
Precipitation, mostly in the form of snow, occurs more frequently
along the coastal rim where warmer air from the surrounding oceans
causes fierce cyclones that circle the continent from west to east.
During winter, the freezing of water around the edges effectively
doubles the size of the continent and further isolates the interior,
which, although much drier than the rest of the continent, is
frequented by violent blizzards.
hurtle
plunge
rush
dash
instigate
provoke
bring about
incite
initiate
prompt
set off
trigger
stimulate
anthropogenic
elusive
elusion
rise
rouse
arise
arouse
rise rose risen
arise arose arisen
rouse roused roused
arouse arousedaroused
This elusive character arises as a corollary of its subject matter,
which, due to its intrinsically basic and fundamental nature, makes
logic a precursor to virtually all academic pursuits.
Negative Factual Information Q.
not true
not included
"not"
"except"
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?
The author's description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT
Until modern times, the main problem with dream research has been that
the data (i.e. the dream itself) could only be investigated indirectly
(by questioning patients), or through subjective reflection, which by
its very nature, cannot hold up to rigorous scientific scrutiny.
Ancient Cultures
Earliest known civilization in the ancient near east
different people
Ur
Egypt
5. writing system, hieroglyphs
6. good in other cultural areas
agglutinative language
agglutinate
outcast
refugee
exile
pariah
The Sumerian language had become the prevalent speech throughout the country.
prosperous
successful
thriving
flourishing
booming
Ancient Cultures
Earliest known civilization in the ancient near east
different people
Ur
Egypt
5. writing system, hieroglyphs
6. good in other cultural areas
ziggurat
recapitulate
recap
sum up
It has since then transformed into a powerful city-state that
extended their control over the entire Sumer.
Pastoral lands began to desiccate into the Sahara, ………..
hieroglyph
The History of Cities
intro
Earliest: in Mesopotamia
European Middle Ages, city purposes
From the 16th century, capitals
After industrial revolution
City drawbacks
As human cultures evolve
so have cities evolved to serve their needs.
A city is an urban settlement, which means a settlement with an
increasing density of human presence.
In most cases, "city" is primarily used to designate an urban
settlement with a large population, but sometimes it may also indicate
a special legal, administrative, or historical status.
Older capitals and cities such as Bagdad, Beijing, Istanbul, and Kyoto
in other parts of the world continued to grow and evolved with time,
while new cities like London and Paris excelled in speed far beyond
imagination.
Often, cities had no lords, or any other local rulers.
The History of Cities
intro
Earliest: in Mesopotamia
European Middle Ages, city purposes
From the 16th century, capitals
After industrial revolution
City drawbacks