iBT閱讀A版 week 4 投影片

TOEFL IBT Reading week 4
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Inference Q.
 strongly implied, but not explicitly stated
 logical implications
 answer X contradict the main idea
 must be inferable from the passage
 explicitly stated information leads to the inference

rancid
 rotten
 foul
 sour
 stale

stratigraphic
stratigraphy

 interpose
 interrupt
 insert
 interject
pon, pos, pound = place
 interpose
 compose
 composition
 compound
 post
 posture
 expose
 impose
 imposing
 deposit
 dispose
 expound



 hazard
 danger
 threat
 peril
 pitfall
 jeopardy


 splinter
 split
 shatter
 fracture
 disintegrate

 susceptibility
be susceptible to

 hazard
 danger
 threat
 peril
 pitfall
 jeopardy

Rhetoric Q.
 Why the author has presented a particular piece of information in a particular place or manner.
 how one paragraph relates to another
 why the author mentions a particular piece of information
 why the author quotes a certain person.
 focus on the logical links between sentences & paragraphs

 wary
 cautious
 alert
trac, trai, trec, treat
= draw, pull
 attract
 trail
 tract
 trait
 contract

 extract
 extraction
 treat
 treaty
 distract


 bestow
 confer
 grant
 award
 impart
integral
 basic
 fundamental
 essential
 crucial
The Natural and Human Causes of Africa’s Persistent famines
1. Sub-Saharan African: famine
2. by drought
3. by civil wars
4. by ecological degradation (too many people)
The Natural and Human Causes of Africa’s Persistent famines
1. Sub-Saharan African: famine
2. by drought
3. by civil wars
4.
cis, cid = cut
 decisive
 decision
 precision
 precise
 concise
 excise
 incise
 incision
 pesticide
aggregate
 combine
 accumulate
 amass
 assemble
 collect
 heap
 pile


For that reason, in 2000 the major industrial nations and the World Bank initiated a program to forgive the debts of some of these nations, on the condition that they end warfare and use the savings in interest and principal to ease the plight of their populations.
The Natural and Human Causes of Africa’s Persistent famines
1. Sub-Saharan African: famine
2. by drought
3. by civil wars
Economic System
1. ES: distributes resources (limitless demand  limited supply)
2. ES answer 3 questions:
2.1 what be needed
2.2 how to produce
2.3 how to distribute
3. Communism, Socialism, Capitalism
4, 5: communism
6, 7: socialism
8, 9: capitalism
10: no pure


Perhaps as a result, many socialist countries are also experiencing economic turmoil.