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Reading to learn Q.
1. organization & purpose
2. a mental frame work
3. major / minor points
4. rhetorical functions
Summary Prose Q.
same essential meaning
it will not match any particular sentence from the passage.
lithography stone
The Horned Toad
At first sight: intimidating
the most surprising feature: defensive mechanisms
belie
because
beloved
bewitch
beguile
besiege
bewilder (v.)
insulate A from B
shield A from B
isolate A from B
cocoon A from B
This prevents it from losing too much body heat while it sleep.
coins
coins: for a long time
tell important stories about ancient cultures
yield information of a political or cultural nature
Today, far more valuable than their weight or metals they contain
plunder
loot
raid
sack
rob
The founder of woman's suffrage movement
Founder wasn't able to see woman's suffrage ratified.
Founder=Susan B. Anthony, her early history
Anthony and Stanton
Anthony persisted
The new law granted women the right to own property, run businesses,
and manage their own finances.
impetus
incentive
catalyst
goad
spur
El Niño
Meteorological research: El Niño weather disturbances
The definition of El Niño
The 1983 one: the most severe scientists research
World Economy
Economy = society
Most primitive form: hunter-gather economy
Barter economy
Adam Smith define economy as the combination of supply, demand, and
the division of labor.
Marx & Engels defined capitalism….
today: capitalism vs. state-controlled & centralized economy
The meaning of economy at this time was truly trading.
19th politics in the US
1. modern presidency: Andrew Jackson
2. Jackson's second term: Whig party
different from Democrats
3. W: like market
4. D: limited government
immeasurably
immeasurable
sap
weaken
deplete
drain
exhaust
inclination
tendency
disposition
predisposition
proneness
The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas
that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats
dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and
languishing economically.
This new party argued against the policies of Jackson and his party in
a number of important areas, beginning with the economy.
19th politics in the US
1. modern presidency: Andrew Jackson
2. Jackson's second term: Whig party
different from Democrats
3. W: like market
4. D: limited government
Expression of emotions
1. All the same around the world
2. Experiments confirm
3. Psychological research: facial reflect emotional states
4. facial-feed-back hypothesis
5. Link between facial & emotions?
6. Ekman's example
despondent
barring the teeth
The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how
they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called
for basic emotional responses.
concerning
about
regarding
as regards
respecting
Expression of emotions
1. All the same around the world
2. Experiments confirm
3. Psychological research: facial reflect emotional states
4. facial-feed-back hypothesis
5. Link between facial & emotions?
6. Ekman's example
The preparation time needed depends on your English proficiency.
This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by
using rather simple methods.
Expression of emotions
1. All the same around the world
2. Experiments confirm
3. Psychological research: facial reflect emotional states
4. facial-feed-back hypothesis
5. Link between facial & emotions?
6. Ekman's example
Spot The Fake Smile
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/surveys/smiles/
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