2007年12月24日 星期一

ibt閱讀B版第七週投影片

IBT 托福閱讀 B版 week 7
白樺老師授課
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Reading to learn Q.
1. organization & purpose
2. a mental frame work
3. major / minor points
4. rhetorical functions

Summary Prose Q.
 same essential meaning
 it will not match any particular sentence from the passage.
lithography stone
The Horned Toad
 At first sight: intimidating
 the most surprising feature: defensive mechanisms

 belie
 because
 beloved
 bewitch
 beguile
 besiege
 bewilder (v.)

 insulate A from B
 shield A from B
 isolate A from B
 cocoon A from B

This prevents it from losing too much body heat while it sleep.
coins
 coins: for a long time
 tell important stories about ancient cultures
 yield information of a political or cultural nature
 Today, far more valuable than their weight or metals they contain

 plunder
 loot
 raid
 sack
 rob
The founder of woman's suffrage movement
 Founder wasn't able to see woman's suffrage ratified.
 Founder=Susan B. Anthony, her early history
 Anthony and Stanton
 Anthony persisted

The new law granted women the right to own property, run businesses,
and manage their own finances.

 impetus
 incentive
 catalyst
 goad
 spur
El Niño
 Meteorological research: El Niño  weather disturbances
 The definition of El Niño
 The 1983 one: the most severe  scientists research

World Economy
 Economy = society
 Most primitive form: hunter-gather economy
 Barter economy
 Adam Smith define economy as the combination of supply, demand, and
the division of labor.
 Marx & Engels defined capitalism….
 today: capitalism vs. state-controlled & centralized economy

The meaning of economy at this time was truly trading.
19th politics in the US
1. modern presidency: Andrew Jackson
2. Jackson's second term: Whig party
different from Democrats
3. W: like market
4. D: limited government


 immeasurably
 immeasurable


 sap
 weaken
 deplete
 drain
 exhaust

 inclination
 tendency
 disposition
 predisposition
 proneness

The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas
that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats
dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and
languishing economically.

This new party argued against the policies of Jackson and his party in
a number of important areas, beginning with the economy.
19th politics in the US
1. modern presidency: Andrew Jackson
2. Jackson's second term: Whig party
different from Democrats
3. W: like market
4. D: limited government

Expression of emotions
1. All the same around the world
2. Experiments confirm
3. Psychological research: facial reflect emotional states
4.  facial-feed-back hypothesis
5. Link between facial & emotions?
6. Ekman's example

despondent
barring the teeth

The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how
they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called
for basic emotional responses.

 concerning
 about
 regarding
 as regards
 respecting
Expression of emotions
1. All the same around the world
2. Experiments confirm
3. Psychological research: facial reflect emotional states
4.  facial-feed-back hypothesis
5. Link between facial & emotions?
6. Ekman's example


 The preparation time needed depends on your English proficiency.


This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by
using rather simple methods.
Expression of emotions
1. All the same around the world
2. Experiments confirm
3. Psychological research: facial reflect emotional states
4.  facial-feed-back hypothesis
5. Link between facial & emotions?
6. Ekman's example


Spot The Fake Smile
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/surveys/smiles/

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