Flickr 上的 Serenity comes with Motherhood 相片分享！

看flickr時看到這張相片，serenity剛好是活背字彙第一週講到的單字。

從後面的回應看來，這似乎是找個孕婦來詮釋serenity這個單字。

Flickr 上的 Serenity comes with Motherhood 相片分享！

一些法律的單字

剛好看到這篇新聞，字彙課裡的法律單字差不多都用上了，放在這裡給大家參考一下。
看以前復習一下法律那個章節的單字，想想下面這幾個字的意思：

prosecutor
witness
assault(ch.7)
executive director
retreat (ch.7)
hood
be charged with
be capable of
intervene
rape

原文參考：
Police: Witnesses ignored cries for help

By PATRICK CONDON, Associated Press Writer Thu Aug 23, 11:05 PM ET
ST. PAUL - A security video from an apartment hallway shows at least 10 witnesses ignored a woman's cries for help for more than an hour as a man beat and sexually assaulted her, prosecutors said Thursday.

Police said they responded to a call of drunken behavior, where they found Rage Ibrahim, 26, and a woman lying unconscious in the hallway early Tuesday. The woman's clothing had been pulled up, she had fresh scratches on her face and blood on her thigh, according to the criminal complaint.

Ibrahim says he is innocent and that the incident was a misunderstanding, according to Omar Jamal, the executive director of the Somali Justice Advocacy Center who spoke on Ibrahim's behalf.

Police spokesman Tom Walsh said the surveillance video clearly showed men and women looking out their apartment doors or starting to walk down the hallway before retreating as the woman was assaulted for nearly 90 minutes.

"It shows one person looking out of her door probably three times," Walsh said. "It shows another person walking up, observing what's going on, then turning and putting up the hood of his sweatshirt."

At one point, the 26-year-old woman knocked on a door, yelling for the occupants to call police. A man inside that apartment told police he didn't open the door or look out, but said he did call police — although they have no record of his call, according to court documents.

Police identified the attacker on the video as Ibrahim, 25, who was charged with several counts of first-degree criminal sexual conduct, prosecutors said.

Ibrahim told police he did not assault the woman, saying if he wanted to do so he would have done it in the apartment, according to the criminal complaint.

The woman had been visiting the apartment of a friend, where she met Ibrahim. After drinking for several hours, she told police Ibrahim tried to stop her from leaving, and began to assault her, according to the report.

Walsh said police were shocked by the behavior of the bystanders.

"If you're not comfortable, if you don't feel capable of intervening, that's fine," Walsh said. "But not calling is not understandable."

Minnesota has a Good Samaritan law that makes it a petty misdemeanor not to give reasonable help to a person in danger of "grave physical harm."

Walsh said it's unlikely police would pursue charges against witnesses in this case because the burden of proof is so high — authorities would have to show that witnesses knew the woman was in extreme danger.

Jamal said Ibrahim went into the hallway after the woman because he thought she was too drunk to drive. They struggled over car keys, and "he is saying there was a huge misunderstanding," Jamal said, adding that the police report does not show "the truth of what happened that night."

"He did not rape her," Jamal said.
(This version CORRECTS suspect's age to 25)

iBT閱讀B版第八週投影片

TOEFL IBT Reading Longman week 8
Fill in a table Q.
 rhetorical functions
 slightly more detailed outline
 X: minor details & examples

wrong answers
1. not mentioned
2. Not directly relevant
3. incorrect generalizations
4. incorrect conclusions
Greenhouse effect
1. introduction
2. Greenhouse effect
3. Opposite theory
4. Global warming by earth & human
Information gathering
1. Information gathering
2. Observation methods
3. especially useful when…
4. Interview
5. Especially useful when…
6. Difficult in many situations
tele = far
 teleconference
 telecommunication
 telescope
 telescopic
 telephone
 telegraph
 telepathy
 telepathic
serv = keep, watch
 observe
 observation
 observatory
 conserve
 conservation
 conservative

 conservatory
 deserve
 preserve
 preservation
 preservative
 reserve

 reservation
 reservoir
reserve, conserve, preserve
 reserve a ticket
 conserve energy
 Keeping food in the refrigerator preserves its freshness.

conserve (v.) = preserve (v.)
Protect it from harm, loss, change
 Preserve/Conserve the rain forest.
 Preserve/Conserve medieval houses.

preserve (n.) = reserve (n.)
 A wildlife preserve/reserve
 Taiwan’s nature reserves/preserves.
pollination
1. Reproduction: pollination
2. Insect pollination
3. Wind pollination
4. Wind pollination
fact, fect, fic…. = do, make
 efficient
 efficiency
 effect
 effective
 efficacious
 effectual
 affect


 These measures affect savings
 These measures effect savings.
fact, fect, fic…. = do, make
 efficient
 efficiency
 effect
 effective
 efficacious
 effectual
 affect
 affection
 affectionate
 perfect
 perfection


 defeat
 deficit
 deficient
 defect
 defective
 magnify
 magnification
 fact
 factor
 faction
 factual
 faculty
 factory
 feat
 feasible
 fiction
 fictitious
 facilitate

 facility
 manufacture
menopause
1. menopause
2. Pre-menopause
3. Menopause symptoms
Emotional intelligence
1. EQ > IQ
2. EQ’s foundation
3. IQ: no preparation for problem solving
4. Low EQ hurts
5. Genes interact with environment
 EQ
Mosquitoes, Houseflies and the Spread of Disease
1. Malaria mosquito
2. Ways to kill mosquitoes
3. Mosquitoes’ life cycle
4. Know 3 can kill mosquitoes
5. Houseflies  other disease
6. How houseflies feed
7. Bacteria & virus on the legs of houseflies

 diarrhea
 diarrhoea
 cramp
 constipation
 menstrual cramps

 insecticide
 pesticide
 repellent
pel, puls = push
 repellent
 repel
 repulse
 repulsion
 repulsive
 expel
 expulsion
 propel
 propeller
 propellant
 propulsion
 compel

 compulsion
 compulsive
 compulsory
Language family
1. Many languages
2. Indo-European
3. How I-E language spread out
4. Altaic Family
5. Sino-Tibetan family
6. others

 intelligible
 understandable
 comprehensible
 lucid


nuance
subtlety
distinction
gradation
nicety
shade

bygone
past
antiquated
extinct
Art’s message
1. Compare art: convey subtle nuance

Art’s message
1. Compare art: convey subtle nuance
2. Artists created exemplary collage
3. S & R
4. S: the social history of decaying modern Europe
5. R: material combination  consumer obsessed society of mid-twentieth society

Art’s message
6. GL: history of his family, people & nation
7. =1

construe
construct

construe
construct

didactic
didactical
Geology & landscape
1. constructive & destructive
2. Hills & mountains: short-lived
3. Plates  mountains
4. Destructive forces
5. Weather
6. Ice & frost

terrain
terrace
territory
extraterrestrial


incarnation
incarnate
Geology & landscape
1. constructive & destructive
2. Hills & mountains: short-lived
3. Plates  mountains
4. Destructive forces
5. Weather
6. Ice & frost

Hills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome of permanence, successfully resisting the destructive forces of nature, but in fact they tend to be relatively short-lived in geological terms.

Under different climatic conditions, another type of destructive force contributes to erosion.
Geology & landscape
1. constructive & destructive
2. Hills & mountains: short-lived
3. Plates  mountains
4. Destructive forces
5. Weather
6. Ice & frost

iBT閱讀B版第七週投影片

TOEFL IBT Reading Longman week 7
Reading to learn Q.
1. organization & purpose
2. a mental frame work
3. major / minor points
4. rhetorical functions

Summary Prose Q.
 same essential meaning
 it will not match any particular sentence from the passage.
Cancer
Plastic Surgery


inadequacy
inadequate
adequacy
adequate

cur, cour, cor = run
 current
 currency
 precursor
 cursor
 course
 concur
 concurrence
 concurrent
 excursion
 incur
 incursion
 recur

 recurrence
 intercourse
Obesity
1. epidemic, reduce life
2. Serious problem: both developed & developing countries
3. Cause: food supply & life style changed
4. Men: overweight/women: obesity  serious diseases
5. Traditional prevention & treatment: changing the behavior of individuals  X
6. O: multifaceted public health policy + money
7. Companies promote fast foods: taxes + give money


Obesity
1. epidemic, current level – 4~9月生命
2. Serious problem: both developed & developing countries
3. Cause: food supply & life style changed
4. Men: overweight/women: obesity  serious diseases
5. Traditional prevention & treatment: changing the behavior of individuals  X
6. O: multifaceted public health policy + money
7. Companies promote fast foods: taxes + give money

 impressionable
 suggestible
 susceptible
 gullible
 credulous

cred = believe
 credulous
 incredulous
 credible
 incredible
 credit


Don't get me wrong.
Modesty is a good thing.
But in business,
it's important to take credit
for your success
before someone else does.
I do it all the time,
cred = believe
 credulous
 incredulous
 credible
 incredible
 credit

 credence
 credentials
 creditor
 creed
 credo

 discredit
 accredit
 accreditation
 accredited
Schizophrenia
1. definition


 rational
 sane
 logical
 sensible
 wise
 reasonable
Schizophrenia
1. definition
2. bizarre to a rational person
3. 2 kinds of symptoms:
positive & negative
4. Treat: medication

debilitating
debilitate

debilitating
debilitate
Schizophrenia
1. definition
2. bizarre to a rational person
3. 2 kinds of symptoms:
positive & negative
4. Treat: medication

hallucinogen
Munich Olympic Games
1. MOG: not elaborate, not trained force
2. Olympic committee & German: change image no force
3. Hostage news reached
4. German refused Israel’s help
5. Police X
6. German’s practice
7. Errors
8. No trained police
9. Result: tragedy

 unify
 unite
 confederate
 consolidate
 merge
 amalgamate


 deplorable
 deplore
Karl Marx
1. Marx
2. Think: communities, society, work
3. Capitalist: circulation makes no value
4. Stood for workers
5. Anthropological definition: he who works
6. Marx’s history
7. X Henry Ford’s assembly line
8. History: kings……control the economy
9. Other incarnations

incarnation
incarnate


incarnation
incarnate
Week 1, ch7
The 1920s were the era of the speakeasy and the mob boss epitomized by Al Capone.
doc, disc = teach
 doctor
 doctoral
 doctorate
 indoctrinate
 indoctrination
 doctrine

 dogma
 docile
 discipline
 disciple



 exact (adj.)
 precise
 accurate
 definite
 specific
 exact (v.)
 demand
 command
 compel
 force


 猿 ape
 猩猩 orangutan
 黑猩猩 chimpanzee

 satirize
 satire
 satirist
 satiric
 satirical
Expression of emotions
1. All the same around the world
2. Experiments confirm
3. Psychological research: facial reflect emotional states
4.  facial-feed-back hypothesis
5. Link between facial & emotions?
6. Ekman’s example

despondent
barring the teeth

The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses.

 concerning
 about
 regarding
 as regards
 respecting
Expression of emotions
1. All the same around the world
2. Experiments confirm
3. Psychological research: facial reflect emotional states
4.  facial-feed-back hypothesis
5. Link between facial & emotions?
6. Ekman’s example

act, ag, ig = do, drive, process
 activity
 act
 active
 action
 interact
 interaction
 interactive
 agitate
 agitation
 agitated
 agile
 react

 reaction
 reactionary
 transact
 transaction
 counteract
 counteraction
 counteractive

 The preparation time needed depends on your English proficiency.


This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather simple methods.
Expression of emotions
1. All the same around the world
2. Experiments confirm
3. Psychological research: facial reflect emotional states
4.  facial-feed-back hypothesis
5. Link between facial & emotions?
6. Ekman’s example








Spot The Fake Smile
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/surveys/smiles/

iBT閱讀B版第六週投影片

TOEFL IBT Reading Longman week 6
留言網站：http://birch.idv.st/
單字練習網站:
http://www.geocities.com/silver_birch_tw/
Email: silver_birch_tw@yahoo.com
Insert Q.
 the logic of the passage
 grammatical connections (eg. pronoun)
 signal words


■出國前我是新聞記者，出國後我轉行攻讀MBA。當所有台灣同學大學唸的都是財金本科系，絲毫沒有經濟統計會計基礎的我，光是看精裝原文課本的書皮就眼冒金星。這還是其次，反正幾個專業科目拼命咬牙苦讀就過了，頂多是分數比別人難看些。 ■最恐怖的是MBA是個強迫社交的科系。找暑期實習時眾多的企業說明會和社交活動，都強調要努力networking，和老美雇主打成一片，搶機會發言還不能用錯文法表錯情，以免被選人才講究語言溝通能力的企業代表從面試名單中刷掉。當同學圍成一圈開始「妳是西北畢業的？那妳一定認識經濟系的娜塔麗‧ 強森？」 ■ 「啊真巧，我以前也在紐約萊雅的行銷部工作」，天南地北攀親帶故，我好比歐巴桑誤闖「我愛黑澀會」錄影現場，明明每一個字都都懂，就是搭不上腔。整晚假笑到臉僵，猛啜香檳想著下一個問題要問什麼才顯得聰明又風趣。 ■

 mount
 mountain

Chicken pox affects most children before they reach their 10th birthday.
part = part, separate
 department
 partition
 partial
 impartial
 particle
 particular
 compartment
 participate
 depart
 impart

 antonymy
 antonym
 synonymy
 synonym

 antonymy
 antonym
 synonymy
 synonym
initials

 prototypical
 prototype


On the contrary, felonies are the most serious offenses that can be charged.

 arbitrary
 capricious
 subjective
 whimsical
sexual assault
 inappropriate touching
 rape
 child molestation
Computer Generated Imaging
1. Computer  change a lot
2. Once: limited on screen
3. CGI helps many movies
4. CGI ready  other aspects of movies

They had to film the real thing, or a convincing life-size model.

 hordes of
 crowds of
 swarms of

 backdrops
 backcloth
 background

This is definitely a bargain.

 expensive
 costly
 exorbitant
 steep
 rip-off
 an arm and a leg




An unexpected benefit to CGI may be that it will improve the quality of movie stories.
Fred Smith
1. Not on bulk manufacturing
2. Change manufacturing facilities


Fred Smith
1. Not on bulk manufacturing
2. Change manufacturing facilities


It was the dawning of a new era for industrialization.

Companies could locate in areas most conducive to attracting the best managers, scientists and workers.
duce, duct = lead
 conducive
 conduct
 conductor
 conductive
 educate
 product
 produce
 production
 productivity
 productive


 deduce
 deduction
 reduce
 reduction
 abduct
 abduction

 seduce
 seduction
 induce
 induction

liber, liver = free
 deliver
 deliverance
 liberate
 liberty
 liberation
 liberal
 deliberate
 deliberation
 deliberate

precipitous
precipice
precipitate


tempt fate/providence
Some students are tempting fate by taking ibt test without any preparation.

His junior year he wrote a paper analyzing the state of freight service.

preclude
The declaration of independence
1. 1776
2. Britain ruled for too long
3. 1763: problems between Britain and colonies
(money)
4. Colonies want actual representation
5. 1776: independence
Marijuana
1. marijuana
2. Well known usages

pharmacopoeia
Marijuana
1. marijuana
2. Well known usages

 ailment
 illness
 affliction
 disorder
 infirmity
 malady
wane
 dwindle
 ebb
 fade
 subside
 decline
grad, gress = step
 gradually
 congress
 gradient
 graduate
 upgrade
 degrade
 aggression
 aggressive
 digress
 progress
 progression
 progressive
 regress

hallucinogen
19th politics in the US
1. modern presidency: Andrew Jackson
2. Jackson’s second term: Whig party
different from Democrats
3. W: like market
4. D: limited government


 immeasurably
 immeasurable


 sap
 weaken
 deplete
 drain
 exhaust

 inclination
 tendency
 disposition
 predisposition
 proneness

The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

This new party argued against the policies of Jackson and his party in a number of important areas, beginning with the economy.
19th politics in the US
1. modern presidency: Andrew Jackson
2. Jackson’s second term: Whig party
different from Democrats
3. W: like market
4. D: limited government

iBT閱讀B版第五週投影片

TOEFL IBT Reading Longman week 5
留言網站：http://birch.idv.st/
單字練習網站:
http://www.geocities.com/silver_birch_tw/
Email: silver_birch_tw@yahoo.com
Simplification Q.
 choose the essential meaning
 never more than one Q.

Few people, however, regardless of their feelings towards snails, know a great deal about them.


 repellent
 disgusting
 revolting
 repulsive

locomotion

lay
lie
laid
lain
lied


 lie  lied  lied / lying
lay down片語
 lay o. down
 正式公開聲明或宣布
 放下武力

 He finished his breakfast and laid the newspaper down on his table.
 The companies Act lays down a set of minimum requirements.
 The robbers have offered to lay down their arms.

herbivore
vegetarian

 bore
 drill
 burrow
 gouge out
 penetrate
 pierce

Their spiral shell is mainly used as protection against predators although inland snails in arid climates it also protects against desiccation.
apt = fit
 adapt
 adaptation
 adaptive
 aptitude
 apt
 adept
 ineptitude
 inept


vestigial
vestige
investigate
investigate


For many, however, the snail is a garden menace yet the snail’s important role in the food chain suggests that gardeners should think twice before attempting to rid their gardens of them.


The Statue of Liberty
1. introduction
2. Frenchman built it
3. Americans built pedestal
4. Dedicated to Museum of Immigration
volv, volu, volt, vol = roll
 revolution
 revolt
 revolting
 evolve
 evolution
 evolutionary

 involve
 involvement
 convolution



 convoluted
 volume
 voluminous
 voluble

bear  bore  borne
 support
 shoulder
 sustain
 uphold



centennial
vert, vers = turn
 controversy
 controversial
 vertebrate
 invertebrate
 adversary
 adverse
 avert
 aversion
 anniversary
 convert
 divert
 diversion


 diverse
 extrovert
 extrovert
 pervert
 perverse

tornadoes
1. most violent
2. Each is unique and big
3. Thunderstorms
4. When to have tornadoes

The United Kingdom experiences an average of 32 tornadoes each year which is the highest frequency of reported tornadoes per unit area in the world but the deadliest and most violent tornadoes occur in the United States.

They form where warm, moist air and cold, dry meet and create upward currents of air that develop into massive rotating cumulonimbus clouds.




ingenuity
genius
originality
sharpness
shrewdness
a controversy over American landing on the moon
1. Armstrong: land on the moon
2. US & Russia compete
3. Apollo program
4. Fake  still photo
5. Fake  adjust cameras
6. Other evidence backing American landing on the moon
7. Might be solved

hoax
trick
trap
deception
put-up job
scam
fraud

This meant that America was actually lagging behind Russia who took the lead in the so called “space race.”

embody
exemplify
manifest
represent
stand for
symbolize
incarnate

 outdo
 outclass
 outmaneuver
 surpass
 beat
 transcend
 eclipse



 falsify
 forge
 counterfeit
 fake

To back up their argument they say that evidence suggests that instead of traveling to the Moon’s surface, astronauts stayed within the Earth’s magnetic field.
gen = 生命
 genuine
 ingenuity
 gene
 genetic
 gender
 genitals
 congenital
 general
 generic
 generate
 generation
 generative

 degenerate
 degeneracy
 degeneration
 degenerative
 progenitor

 beyond doubt
 beyond reasonable doubt
 beyond a shadow of (a) doubt
 without a shadow of (a) doubt

 conclusive
 decisive
 convincing
 definite
 ultimate



eating disorder
1. Male eating disorders are ignored
2. Male: ignored
3. Why: beauty is more related to female
4. Western more common, increase
5. 15% below average
6. wrongly believe them to be fat

iBT閱讀B版第四週投影片

TOEFL IBT Reading Longman week 4
留言網站：http://birch.idv.st/
單字練習網站:
http://www.geocities.com/silver_birch_tw/
Email: silver_birch_tw@yahoo.com
Inference Q.
 strongly implied, but not explicitly stated
 logical implications
 answer X contradict the main idea
 must be inferable from the passage
 explicitly stated information leads to the inference


 Which of the following can be inferred about X?
 The author of the passage implied that X…..
 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?
假定
 posit
 postulate
 presume
 assume
 premise

 psychology
 psychological
 psychotherapy
 psychic
 physiology
 physics
 physical
 physical therapy
 physician


 provisional
 temporary
 conditional
 tentative
 interim


disenfranchise
disfranchise
The Supreme Court
1. Supreme court
2. members
3. its role

 statute
 article
 amendment
 decree
 edict
 provision
 stipulation
in case
 In case students don’t memorize vocabulary after class, I’ve prepared plentiful quizzes.

 inconsequential
 unimportant
 minor
 paltry
 petty
 trivial
 trifling


execute
executive

 executive
 legislature
 judiciary

 organ
 agency
 branch
 division
 department
 arm
 wing

Oval office


 wield power

 segregate
 separate
 isolate

Hurricanes
1. its origin
2. its power
3. National Hurricane Center
4. Its danger

 intermittent
 occasional
 sporadic
 periodic
 fitful
 irregular


saturate
equ, equa, equi = equal
 equal
 equator
 equity
 equality
 equation
 equilibrium

equ, equa, equi = equal
 equal
 equator
 equity
 equality
 equation
 equilibrium
 adequate
 equivalent
 equivalence
 equivocate
 equivocal

wreak wreaked  wreaked
wrought

 havoc
 chaos
 mayhem
 shambles
blood
1. Blood travel around the body
2. Arteries carry blood to organs
3. Arteries get smaller  capillaries
4. Blood  vein lung
breathe (exchange carbon dioxide with oxygen)
Genes
1. Certain traits passed from parent to child
2. Genes: from conception to adulthood
3. A gene has an instruction
4. A fault/mutation in a gene  disease
5. More common: a family’s susceptibility to certain diseases
6. use the info to protect ourselves

susceptibility
susceptible
capt, cept, cip = catch, seize
 conception
 concept
 conceive
 susceptibility
 susceptible
 capture
 be capable of
 capacity
 captivate
 captive
 receive
 reception

 recipient
 receipt
 perceive
 perception
 perceptible
 deceive
 deception
 anticipate
 anticipation
 capital
 decapitate

 regarding
 concerning
 about
 as regards
 with/in regard to
 with/in respect to

 considering
 in the light of
 in view of
 taking account of

Desert Water Flows
 desert water flows
 large rivers, outside: exogenous

Large flat areas and hollows are areas where water tends to collect after rainfall, but are a relatively minor part of the overall desert area.

 cooperation
 collaboration

Groundwater is recharged from, and eventually flows to, the surface naturally; natural discharge often occurs at springs and seeps, streams and can often form oases or wetlands.

 aquifer
 aqua rium
 aqua culture
 aqua farm
 Aquarius


 porous
 pore
 The porous material media in which ground water occurs are the complex geologic materials near the surface……

 media
 medium
 means
 agency
 channel

 unconsolidated

 subside
 decrease
 diminish
 ease
 ebb
 lessen
 wane
Desert Water Flows
 desert water flows
 large rivers, outside: exogenous

 make up
 form
 compose
 comprise
 constitute

These swift inflows provide necessary water to the desert areas but occasionally do more harm than good due to flooding problems.